Using 1 tablespoon butter, generously grease a 2-quart baking dish.
Melt 3 tablespoons butter, add flour and cook over moderate heat for 2 minutes, stirring constantly. Do not brown.
Add milk and whisk constantly until thickened, 3 to 5 minutes. Add cheddar cheese and stir until it is well blended into the sauce. Add the seasonings and stir. Remove from the heat.
Meanwhile, cook the macaroni according to package directions. Drain well, but do not rinse. Put macaroni back into the pot and add the cheese sauce. Stir until it is all well mixed.
Pour the macaroni and cheese mixture into a baking dish, sprinkle with bread crumbs and Parmesan cheese and dot with pieces of the remaining tablespoon of butter.
Bake at 350°F for 30 minutes or until bubbling and golden brown. Let stand 10 to 15 minutes before serving.